A serious domestic political conflict has emerged in Poland after the head of state, Karol Nawrocki, refused to sign a law that would have enabled the country to join the European Union’s joint defence loan programme. The decision is not only a turning point in a specific economic policy
Fiscal autonomy and access to EU funds allow Polish cities to develop dynamically, while Budapest and other Hungarian cities are constrained by the solidarity contribution.
Warsaw has opened the city’s new waste-to-energy plant, which can incinerate over 300,000 tons of solid waste annually, nearly one-third of the city’s total waste production.